The History of Vending Machines

Vending or automatic retailing, as the process of selling merchandise via automated machine is increasingly known, has a long history. The first recorded example of the vending machine came from Greek mathematician Hero of Alexandria, who  invented a device that dispensed  holy water inside Egyptian temples.   Other early examples included small brass machines that dispensed tobacco, found in  taverns in England around  1615.  In 1822, English  publisher and bookshop owner Richard Carlile built a newspaper dispensing machine  that allowed patrons to purchase banned works. The first fully automatic vending machine, which  dispensed  stamps, appeared in  1867. Coin-Operated Machines During the early 1880s, the first commercial coin-operated vending machines were introduced in London, England. The machines were commonly found at railway stations and  post offices because they were convenient for purchasing  envelopes,  postcards, and  notepaper. In 1887, the first vending machine servicer, the  Sweetmeat Automatic Delivery Co., was founded.   The next year, the Thomas Adams Gum Co. introduced the first vending machines to the United States. They were installed on the elevated subway platforms in New York, New York, and sold Tutti-Fruiti gum. In 1897, the Pulver Manufacturing Co. added illustrated figures to its gum machines as an extra attraction. The round, candy-coated gumball and gumball vending machines were introduced in 1907. Coin-Operated Restaurants Soon, vending machines were offering almost everything, including cigars and stamps. In Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, a completely coin-operated restaurant called Horn Hardart opened in 1902 and lasted until 1962. Such fast-food restaurants, called automats, originally took only nickels and were popular among struggling  songwriters and  actors as well as celebrities of the era. Beverages and Cigarettes Machines dispensing drinks go as far back as 1890. The first beverage vending machine was in Paris, France, and allowed people to buy beer, wine, and liquor. In the early 1920s, vending machines started dispensing  sodas  into cups. Today, beverages are among the most popular items sold through vending machines. In 1926, American inventor William Rowe invented the cigarette vending machine. Over time, however, they became less common in the United States due to concerns over underage buyers. In other countries, vendors required that some sort of age verification, such as a drivers license, bank card, or ID, be inserted before a purchase could be made. Cigarette dispensing machines are still common in  Germany, Austria, Italy, the Czech Republic, and Japan.   Specialty Machines Food, beverages, and cigarettes are the most common items sold in vending machines, but the list of specialty items sold by this form of automation is almost endless, as a quick survey of any airport or bus terminal will tell you. The industry took a big jump around 2006 when credit card scanners became common on vending machines. Within 10 years, almost every new machine was equipped to accept credit cards, opening the door to the sale of many high-priced items. Specialty products that have been offered via vending machine include: Fish baitOnline internet timeLottery ticketsBooksElectronics, including iPads,  cell phones, digital cameras, and computers  Hot foods, such as french fries and pizzaLife insuranceCondoms and other contraceptivesOver-the-counter drugsMarijuanaAutomobiles Yes, you read that last item correctly:  In late 2016, Autobahn Motors in Singapore opened a luxury car vending machine offering Ferraris  and  Lamborghinis. Buyers clearly needed hefty limits on their credit cards. The Land of Vending Machines Japan has a reputation for having some of the most innovative uses of automated vending, providing machines that offer fresh fruits and vegetables, sake, hot foods, batteries, flowers, clothing and, of course, sushi. Japan has the highest per capita rate of vending machines in the world.   The Future The latest trend is smart vending machines, which offer services such as cashless payments; face, eye, or fingerprint recognition;  and social media connectivity. It is likely that vending machines of the future will recognize you and tailor their offerings to your interests and tastes. A beverage vending machine, for example, might recognize what you have purchased at other machines and ask you if you want your usual skim latte with a double shot of vanilla.   Market research projects that by 2020, 20% of all vending machines will be smart machines, with at least 3.6 million units knowing who you are and what you like.